FMP Session 3:Major & minor Scales, degrees, intervals, relative minor

Scale degrees - numbering system for notes in a scale, for example the first note in a Major scale degree #1.

Intervals - spaces between degrees of the scale, made up of mostly whole steps (2 frets on guitar) and some 1/2 steps (1 fret on guitar).

Major Scale - the scale that contains 1/2 steps between the 3rd and 4th scale degrees and between the 7th and 8th scale degrees. (the 8th degree is the octave of the root note).
It is not necessary to write the word 'Major' after a chord or key signature, Major is implied. If it is written it must be written as a capital M.

minor scale - scale that starts from the 6th tone of a Major scale. This also refers us to the relative minor term which states every Major scale has a relative minor, which begins on the 6th degree of any Major scale. Basically a Major scale and it's relative minor scale contain the same notes, they just start from different points in the Major scale.
For Example:
C Major scale is: C D E F G A B
the 6th degree is A, so the relative minor of C is A minor.
A minor scale is: A B C D E F G
so the A minor scale contains the same notes as C Major, we just start from the 6th tone of the C scale and then use the A as our root note to make music "sound" A minor.

A minor scale, note, chord, or key must have an indication of 'minor', proper notation is one of the following:
minor
min
m
(In order to indicate minor, it must have a small m, not capital.)